Saturday, July 27, 2013

PROJECT :A SURVEY

INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND  TYPES AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON  SOCIAL SKILLS  OF  SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
St. Joseph College of Teacher Education for Women, Ernakulam.
ENGLISH  : 2010-2011
I.       Acknowledgement
II.      Declaration
III.     Certificate
TABLE OF CONTENTS  

1. 0.    Introduction
2.0.     Objectives/ hypotheses
3.0.     Methods /Procedure
4.0.     Data Collection
5.0.     Analysis
6.0.     Findings and Conclusion
7.0.     References
8.0.     Appendices

1.0. INTRODUCTION
The research survey entitled “INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND TYPES AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON SOCIAL SKILLS OF  SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE DISTRICT OF ERNAKULAM, KERALA” is an attempt to bring forth the importance of social skills especially for high school students.
The investigators conducted a survey to analyze the level of social skills  based on gender, types and locality of the schools  of  IX standard students of Ernakulam District.
1.1. THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
Theoretical overview provides a historical background for the study. The theory provides a rational explanation of the results. It gives a clear idea about the study.   
          Suresh B (2007) conducted a study on social adjustment and academic performance in Higher Secondary School Students.  The study found that the gender difference, locality, type of management of school and monthly income of parents are not the factor influencing social adjustment.
          Wood, Jeffery J (2007) tested the effect of reductions in children’s anxiety over time on improvements in school performance and social functioning in the contact of participation in a cognitive behaviour intervention program.
          Dr.Vijayan K(2007) developed and standardized a tool for assessing social skill of primary school children. 
Hemalatha, Kalalmathi D. and Kuman (2006) developed a rating scale to assess social skills of the primary school pupils.  A study of the social skills of children helped the teachers, parents and the people who are interested in making children as fully developed adults.  The studies helped in identifying the areas in which the children are good and the areas in which they have to be trained guided or counseled.
Ajaya.T conducted a study on “Relationship between adjustment patterns and Academic achievement among Secondary students in Ernakulam district”.
Anu Varghese conducted a study on “Effectiveness of co-operative learning method in the teaching of Mathematics among students of Standard VIII”.
Archana R conducted a study on “Social intelligence and its effect on intrinsic motivation among higher secondary school students”.
 A case study on Palluruthy Rehabilitation Centre conducted by Students of St. Joseph College of Teacher Education for Women, Ernakulam, (2011) shows the importance of nurturing social skills in our society. It is the responsibility of teachers to make sure that children are developing social skills along with their other skills.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The present study is entitled as: INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND 
TYPES AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON  SOCIAL SKILLS  OF  SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN.
1.3. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
Social Skills
Social Skills are those skills which act as a pre-requisite in shaping an individual’s personality.  They involve those basic skills needed to survive in a society. This research survey focuses on four major components in Social Skills viz.
1.     Academic Skills
2.     Peer group skills
3.     Anger Management
4.     Problem Solving

Secondary School level
Secondary level refers to any school recognized by the Government of Kerala, imparting instructions to students at the terminal stages of school education comprising standards of VIII, IX, &X.
1.4. SCOPE  OF THE STUDY
The present study aims to find out the social skills children,  at school. The results of the study can be valid and generalized to other similar samples to a considerable extent. Investigator hopes that this study may become an eye- opener to the educationalists regarding the problems of children who lack social skills .
Some of the limitations of this study are: The study was carried out on a small sample, special schools selected from secondary level students of Ernakulam  District. The study was confined to the social skills  of children when they are at school.                                 
2.0. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of the present study is  as follows:
 To study the influence of gender, Types and locality of schools and their various interaction on social skills of the secondary school children.
2.1. HYPOTHESES
1. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of Government, Aided and Private  secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of rural , and urban   secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3.0. METHODOLOGY
Methodology is the procedure or techniques adopted in a research study. The success of any research or the significance of the findings depends mainly on the data that is collected and the methods used for collecting and interpreting it. In the present study, INFLUENC  OF GENDER AND  TYPES AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON  SOCIAL SKILLS  OF  SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN”,  survey method was adopted. Random sampling method was used in the study. The sample consisted  of  121 children of secondary school level, studying in  eight schools of  Ernakulam district  .
3.1. DESIGN
Normative survey method was adopted for the study. In order to make a survey of the social skills of  children, a carefully designed  questionnaire was used and the data was collected from the respondents in the study area.
3.2.SAMPLE
The study was conducted on a sample of 121 students studying in standard VIII, IX, from   8  schools in  Ernakulum district.
3.3.TOOLS
A Questionnaire  for Evaluating Social Skills was used to collect data from the students.
TOOL PREPARATION
In the present study, all the precautionary steps in preparing and administering the tool were taken to avoid errors in data collection. Permission was sought from the headmaster/ headmistress of the schools. The researcher administered the tools in a peaceful atmosphere in eight  schools randomly  selected  and collected the data with the help of teachers.
The tool  consisted of  100 items in the form of questions . (Table :3.1. shows the distribution of aspects and items in each sections.
Table: 3.1. Distribution of  aspects and items in each sections of Questionnaire.
Sl No
Aspects
Number of Items
1
Academic adjustment problems
25
2
Emotional adjustment problems
25
3
Social adjustment problems
25
4.
Personal Adjustment
25

Table 3.2.scoring procedure of the Questionnaire
Alternatives
Positive statements
Yes
Sometimes
Not Sure
No
3
2
1
0

4.0.DATA COLLECTION
A Questionnaire  was used to collect data from the children
After collecting data from the sample, 100 items under the four  areas of the questionnaire were computed and interpreted. Then the variables were compared like: gender, types  and locality  of the school.
5.0.ANALISIS
In order to make a survey of the social skills of  children, a carefully designed  questionnaire was used and the data was collected from the respondents in the study area. The data is systematically classified and tabulated, scientifically analysed, intelligently interpreted .
For analyzing the data, statistical techniques like arithmetic mean, standard deviation and critical ratio, Three Way ANCOVA (3/2/2 Factorial Design ANOVA of unequal cell size , were used.    
5.1.STASTISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED
1.                 Arithmetic mean
2.                 Standard Deviation
3.                 ‘t’ test of significance
4.                 Three Way ANOVA  or 3/2/2 Factorial Design ANOVA of unequal cell size.
5.2. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA                
    The objective of the present study is as follows:
 To study the influence of gender, types and locality of schools and their impact on social skills of the secondary school children.         
          After collecting data from the sample, items under the four areas of the questionnaire were computed and interpreted. Then the variables like: gender, types and locality of the school were compared.
5.3.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION  OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
          The hypotheses of the present study were as follows:
1. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of Government and Aided  secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3. There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of rural , and urban   secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER
TABLE 5.1. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER
Gender
N
Mean
S.D
t value
Interpretation
Boy
39
50.83974359

7.191114578

3.969457

Significant
Girl
173
55.9349711

7.460197066


The computed t value 3.969457   is greater   than the standard value 1.97 at 0.05 levels. So it is significant at 0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So we can conclude that There is  significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
GRAPH 5.1. DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF  MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER

BAR DIAGRAM
From the bar diagram we can see that there is significant difference between the mean scores of social skills with respect to gender. The mean scores of Social Skills of female students are significantly higher than the mean scores of Social Skills of male students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON THE LOCALITY OF SCHOOL
TABLE 5.2. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON LOCALITY OF THE SCHOOL

Locality
N
Mean
S.D
t -value
Interpretation
Urban
122
57.31762295

7.314301405

4.4017608


 Significant
Rural
71

53.06690141

5.922535928


The computed t value 4.4017608  is greater   than the standard value 1.97 at 0.05 levels. So it is  significant at 0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So we can conclude that there is a  significant difference between the mean score of social skills with respect to  locality.
There is  significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of rural and urban   secondary schools of Ernakulam district. So we can conclude that the mean scores of social skills of the students of schools in urban area is significantly greater than the  mean scores of social skills of the students of schools in rural area of Ernakulam district.


GRAPH 5.2. DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF  MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON LOCALITY OF SCHOOL
BAR DIAGRAM


5.5.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL  BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL
TABLE 5.3. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL

Type of school
N
Mean
S.D
t value
Interpretation
State
17
45.67647059

7.357906412



5.4282845



Significant
Aided
195
55.81025641

7.654839


The computed t value 5.4282845 is greater   than the standard value 1.97 at 0.05 levels. So it is significant at 0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So we can conclude that there is a significance difference in the social skills at the secondary school level based on types of school . There is  significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of Government  and Aided  secondary schools of Ernakulam district. 
GRAPH 5.3. DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF  MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL
BAR DIAGRAM

So it is evident that  the  mean scores of Social Skills of  students of aided schools are higher than the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of the state  secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.0.FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
The major conclusions based on the findings are as follows:
1.There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2.There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of  students of Government, Aided and Private  secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3.There is a significant difference between the mean score of social skills with respect to  locality.
5.1.CONCLUSION
It is hoped that the present study would open new frontiers for further research. When the investigator completed the study, it was felt that services of allied studies might be conducted in line with the present one. A few suggestions for further research are given below:
1.                 Similar study can be conducted on an all Kerala level.
2.                 Comparative studies, which explore the achievement of  children in the schools of India and abroad can be attempted.
3.                    Studies can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial  programmes  for nurturing social skills in  children.
           The need of the hour is the research designated for finding better psycho- educational approaches for their instruction and better mental health approaches to their school and home environment, better suited to their needs, which would reduce their deviant characteristics.
6.   REFERENCES
1.Freeman, Frank S. ‘Psychological Testing’3rd Edition, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Pvt.Ltd. 1971.
2.Lokesh Koul.Methdology of Educational Research’, New Delhi, Vani Educational Books, 1984.
3.Mangal, S, K.,’Educational Psychology’ Ludhiana, Prakash Brothers, 1989.
4.Mathur, S.S.,’Educational Psychology’, Agra, Vinod Prakash Mandir, 1983.
7.   APPENDICES
i)Tools prepared for the data collection
ii)Raw Data.

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