INFLUENCE
OF GENDER AND TYPES AND LOCALITY OF
SCHOOLS ON SOCIAL SKILLS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
St.
Joseph College of Teacher Education for Women, Ernakulam.
ENGLISH
: 2010-2011
I. Acknowledgement
II. Declaration
III. Certificate
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1. 0. Introduction
2.0. Objectives/
hypotheses
3.0. Methods
/Procedure
4.0. Data
Collection
5.0. Analysis
6.0. Findings and Conclusion
7.0. References
8.0. Appendices
1.0.
INTRODUCTION
The research survey
entitled “INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND TYPES
AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON SOCIAL SKILLS OF
SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE DISTRICT OF ERNAKULAM, KERALA” is an attempt to bring forth the importance
of social skills especially for high school students.
The investigators conducted a survey to analyze the level of social
skills based on gender, types and
locality of the schools of IX standard students of Ernakulam District.
1.1. THEORETICAL
OVERVIEW
Theoretical
overview provides a historical background for the study. The theory provides a
rational explanation of the results. It gives a clear idea about the study.
Suresh
B (2007) conducted a study on social adjustment and academic performance in
Higher Secondary School Students. The
study found that the gender difference, locality, type of management of school
and monthly income of parents are not the factor influencing social adjustment.
Wood,
Jeffery J (2007) tested the effect of reductions in children’s anxiety over
time on improvements in school performance and social functioning in the
contact of participation in a cognitive behaviour intervention program.
Dr.Vijayan
K(2007) developed and standardized a tool for assessing social skill of
primary school children.
Hemalatha, Kalalmathi
D. and Kuman (2006) developed a rating
scale to assess social skills of the primary school pupils. A study of the social skills of children
helped the teachers, parents and the people who are interested in making
children as fully developed adults. The
studies helped in identifying the areas in which the children are good and the
areas in which they have to be trained guided or counseled.
Ajaya.T
conducted a study on “Relationship between adjustment patterns and Academic
achievement among Secondary students in Ernakulam district”.
Anu Varghese
conducted a study on “Effectiveness of co-operative learning method in the
teaching of Mathematics among students of Standard VIII”.
Archana R
conducted a study on “Social intelligence and its effect on intrinsic
motivation among higher secondary school students”.
A case study on Palluruthy Rehabilitation
Centre conducted by Students of St. Joseph College of Teacher Education for
Women, Ernakulam, (2011) shows the importance of nurturing social skills in our
society. It is the responsibility of teachers to make sure that children are
developing social skills along with their other skills.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The
present study is entitled as: INFLUENCE OF GENDER
AND
TYPES
AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON SOCIAL SKILLS
OF
SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN.
1.3. DEFINITION OF KEY
TERMS
Social Skills
Social
Skills are those skills which act as a pre-requisite in shaping an individual’s
personality. They involve those basic
skills needed to survive in a society.
This research survey focuses on four major components in Social Skills viz.
1.
Academic Skills
2.
Peer group skills
3.
Anger Management
4.
Problem Solving
Secondary School level
Secondary level refers to any school
recognized by the Government of Kerala, imparting instructions to students at
the terminal stages of school education comprising standards of VIII, IX,
&X.
1.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The present study aims to find out the
social skills children, at school. The
results of the study can be valid and generalized to other similar samples to a
considerable extent. Investigator hopes that this study may become an eye-
opener to the educationalists regarding the problems of children who lack
social skills .
Some
of the limitations of this study are: The study was carried out on a small
sample, special schools selected from secondary level students of
Ernakulam District. The study was
confined to the social skills of
children when they are at school.
2.0. OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
The
objective of the present study is as
follows:
To study the
influence of gender, Types and locality of schools and their various
interaction on social skills of the secondary school children.
2.1. HYPOTHESES
1.
There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of
male and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2.
There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills
of students of Government, Aided and
Private secondary schools of Ernakulam
district.
3.
There is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills
of students of rural , and urban secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3.0. METHODOLOGY
Methodology is the procedure or
techniques adopted in a research study. The success of any research or the
significance of the findings depends mainly on the data that is collected and
the methods used for collecting and interpreting it. In the present study, “INFLUENC OF GENDER AND
TYPES AND LOCALITY OF SCHOOLS ON
SOCIAL SKILLS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN”, survey method was adopted. Random sampling
method was used in the study. The sample consisted of 121
children of secondary school level, studying in
eight schools of Ernakulam
district .
3.1.
DESIGN
Normative
survey method was adopted for the study. In order to make a survey of the
social skills of children, a carefully
designed questionnaire was used and the
data was collected from the respondents in the study area.
3.2.SAMPLE
The study was conducted
on a sample of 121 students studying in standard
VIII, IX, from 8 schools in
Ernakulum district.
3.3.TOOLS
A Questionnaire for Evaluating Social Skills was used to
collect data from the students.
TOOL
PREPARATION
In the present study,
all the precautionary steps in preparing and administering the tool were taken
to avoid errors in data collection. Permission was sought from the headmaster/
headmistress of the schools. The researcher administered the tools in a
peaceful atmosphere in eight schools
randomly selected and collected the data with the help of
teachers.
The
tool consisted of 100 items in the form of questions . (Table
:3.1. shows the distribution of aspects and items in each sections.
Table: 3.1.
Distribution of aspects and items in
each sections of Questionnaire.
Sl No
|
Aspects
|
Number of Items
|
1
|
Academic adjustment problems
|
25
|
2
|
Emotional adjustment problems
|
25
|
3
|
Social adjustment problems
|
25
|
4.
|
Personal Adjustment
|
25
|
Table
3.2.scoring procedure of the Questionnaire
Alternatives
|
Positive statements
|
Yes
Sometimes
Not Sure
No
|
3
2
1
0
|
4.0.DATA COLLECTION
A
Questionnaire was used to collect data
from the children
After collecting data from the sample, 100
items under the four areas of the
questionnaire were computed and interpreted. Then the variables were compared
like: gender, types and locality of the school.
5.0.ANALISIS
In
order to make a survey of the social skills of children, a carefully designed questionnaire was used and the data was
collected from the respondents in the study area. The data is systematically
classified and tabulated, scientifically analysed, intelligently interpreted .
For analyzing the data, statistical
techniques like arithmetic mean, standard deviation and critical ratio, Three
Way ANCOVA (3/2/2 Factorial Design ANOVA of unequal cell size , were used.
5.1.STASTISTICAL
TECHNIQUES USED
1.
Arithmetic mean
2.
Standard Deviation
3.
‘t’ test of
significance
4.
Three Way ANOVA or 3/2/2 Factorial Design ANOVA of unequal
cell size.
5.2. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The objective of the present study is as follows:
To study the influence of gender,
types and locality of schools and their impact on social skills of the
secondary school children.
After collecting data from the sample,
items under the four areas of the questionnaire were computed and interpreted.
Then the variables like: gender, types and locality of the school were
compared.
5.3.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY
SCHOOL
The hypotheses of the present study
were as follows:
1. There is no significant
difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students
of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2. There is no significant
difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of students of Government and Aided secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
3. There is no significant
difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of students of rural , and urban secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE
CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER
TABLE 5.1. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t
VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER
Gender
|
N
|
Mean
|
S.D
|
t value
|
Interpretation
|
Boy
|
39
|
50.83974359
|
7.191114578
|
3.969457
|
Significant
|
Girl
|
173
|
55.9349711
|
7.460197066
|
The
computed t value 3.969457 is greater
than the standard value 1.97 at 0.05 levels. So it is significant at
0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So we can conclude that
There is significant difference between
the mean scores of Social Skills of male and female students of the secondary
schools of Ernakulam district.
GRAPH 5.1. DIAGRAMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL
SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER
BAR DIAGRAM
From
the bar diagram we can see that there is significant difference between the
mean scores of social skills with respect to gender. The mean scores of Social
Skills of female students are significantly higher than the mean scores of
Social Skills of male students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE
CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON THE LOCALITY OF SCHOOL
TABLE 5.2. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t
VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON LOCALITY OF
THE SCHOOL
Locality
|
N
|
Mean
|
S.D
|
t -value
|
Interpretation
|
Urban
|
122
|
57.31762295
|
7.314301405
|
4.4017608
|
Significant
|
Rural
|
71
|
53.06690141
|
5.922535928
|
The computed t value 4.4017608 is
greater than the standard value 1.97 at
0.05 levels. So it is significant at
0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So we can conclude that
there is a significant difference
between the mean score of social skills with respect to locality.
There is significant difference between the mean
scores of Social Skills of students of
rural and urban secondary schools of
Ernakulam district. So we can conclude that the mean scores of social skills of
the students of schools in urban area is significantly greater than the mean scores of social skills of the students
of schools in rural area of Ernakulam district.
GRAPH 5.2. DIAGRAMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL
SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON LOCALITY OF SCHOOL
BAR DIAGRAM
5.5.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL
TABLE 5.3. MEAN SCORES, S.D. AND t
VALUE OF SOCIAL SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON TYPE OF
SCHOOL
Type of school
|
N
|
Mean
|
S.D
|
t value
|
Interpretation
|
State
|
17
|
45.67647059
|
7.357906412
|
5.4282845
|
Significant
|
Aided
|
195
|
55.81025641
|
7.654839
|
The computed t value 5.4282845 is greater than the standard value 1.97 at 0.05 levels.
So it is significant at 0.05 level .Hence the null Hypothesis is rejected. So
we can conclude that there is a significance difference in the social skills at
the secondary school level based on types of school . There is significant difference between the mean
scores of Social Skills of students of
Government and Aided secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
GRAPH 5.3. DIAGRAMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF MEAN SCORES OF SOCIAL
SKILLS OF THE CHILDREN IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL
BAR DIAGRAM
So it is evident that the
mean scores of Social Skills of
students of aided schools are higher than the mean scores of Social
Skills of students of the state secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
5.0.FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
The
major conclusions based on the findings are as follows:
1.There
is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of male
and female students of the secondary schools of Ernakulam district.
2.There
is no significant difference between the mean scores of Social Skills of students of Government, Aided and
Private secondary schools of Ernakulam
district.
3.There is a significant difference
between the mean score of social skills with respect to locality.
5.1.CONCLUSION
It is hoped that the
present study would open new frontiers for further research. When the
investigator completed the study, it was felt that services of allied studies
might be conducted in line with the present one. A few suggestions for further
research are given below:
1.
Similar study can be
conducted on an all Kerala level.
2.
Comparative studies,
which explore the achievement of children in the schools of India and abroad
can be attempted.
3.
Studies can be
conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial programmes
for nurturing social skills in children.
The need of the hour is the research
designated for finding better psycho- educational approaches for their
instruction and better mental health approaches to their school and home
environment, better suited to their needs, which would reduce their deviant
characteristics.
6. REFERENCES
1.Freeman, Frank S. ‘Psychological
Testing’3rd Edition, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Pvt.Ltd.
1971.
2.Lokesh Koul.Methdology of
Educational Research’, New Delhi, Vani Educational Books, 1984.
3.Mangal, S, K.,’Educational
Psychology’ Ludhiana, Prakash Brothers, 1989.
4.Mathur, S.S.,’Educational
Psychology’, Agra, Vinod Prakash Mandir, 1983.
7. APPENDICES
i)Tools prepared for the data
collection
ii)Raw Data.
***
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