205.11 Module 4:LEARNING RESOURCE IN ENGLISH

MODULE 4: LEARNING RESOURCE  IN ENGLISH

4.1.Library and its organization

4.2.Languge Lab and its Organisation

4.3.English Club and its activities

4.4.e-Resources for learning English

4.5 Community  Resources :significance , types and role of teacher in utilizing them

4.1.LIBRARY AND ITS ORGANIZATION

School Library : A school library (or a school library media center) is a library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public orprivate school have access to a variety of resources.

AimThe goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access "to books and reading, to information, and to information technology." A library's collection can

includebooks, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes,videotapes, DVDs,    Blu-ray Discs, ebooks, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.  

Children's libraries:Librarian performs four main roles: teacher, instructional partner, information specialist, and program administrator.

Class Librarian’s  Major Duties  include: Circulation ,Collection ,Reference, Technical Services and Stacks Maintenance

Children's libraries are Special collections of books intended for juvenile readers Usually kept in separate rooms of general public libraries. Have wings/area dedicated in  class room itself. Smaller ones may have a separate room. Educational agency seeks to acquaint the young with the world's literature and to cultivate a love for reading. Supplements  public schools.

1.read to children, assist them in selecting books, and assist with school work.On a "flexible schedule" schedule library time when library skills or materials are needed as part of the classroom learning experience.

2.collaborate with students to create independent learners by fostering students rapid reading, extensive reading and study skills  and literary skills.

3.develop a resource base for the school by using the curriculum and student interests to identify and obtain library materials, organize and maintain the library collection in order to promote independent reading and lifelong learning.

4.perform clerical duties. They handle the circulating and cataloging of materials, facilitate interlibrary loans, shelve materials, perform inventory, etc.

catalogue:  Libraries should inform their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to access that information.

Teacher can introduce new arrivals or  card catalogue—"webcats" in  digital libraries can be followed .

Merits: The library provides a "gateway" and a quiet study space for students on campus to access various resources, both print/physical and digital. 

In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration.  A creative teacher can plan classroom activities using class library. 

 Discourse constructions, Composition, Creative writing, Reviews, Follow up tasks, Individualised Assignments, storytelling sessions for children, reading competitions, after-school programs, etc. can conducted with an intention of developing literacy skills and a love of books.  Libraries often provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources and the Internet. Cater to individual differences due to the unrestricted access to information in many formats and from many sources.

Digital Library: A digital library is a collection of documents in organized electronic form, available on the Internet or on CD-ROM (compact-disk read-only memory) disks. Depending on the specific library, a user may be able to access magazine articles, books, papers, images, sound files, and videos.

The digital library is extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, with a variety of digital tools.

Merits:On CD-ROM, the amount of data is limited to several hundred megabytes ( MB ) per disk, but access is generally much faster than on an Internet connection. Several CD-ROMs can be combined in a set, and because the disks are small, a large library can be accommodated in a reasonable physical space.

Limitations: The main limitation of CD-ROM is the fact that updating cannot be done as frequently as on the Internet. In addition, producing and distributing CD-ROMs involves overhead costs that are largely nonexistent in Internet-based libraries.

4.2.LANGUAGE LABORATORY  AND ITS ORGANIZATION

Language Laboratory: Definition: A powerful aid and technique to teach a foreign language. The  is an audio or audio-visual installation used as an aid in modern language teaching in schools, universities, and academies.  It’s a self-pacing device.

2.History: Originated in the USA.Perhaps the first lab was at the University of Grenoble in 1908.Gained popularity in UK in the 1960s.In the 1950s up until the 1990s, Conventional Laboratory with  tape-based systems existed. In the 1990s new digital labs were emerged.

3. Chief Characteristics of a Language Laboratory 

1)Self –pacing: Caters to individual difference.Selects tapes from the control place. Works at ones own pace. Spend time as much as one needs. Slow learner can retrace.Fast learner can proceed to next. Not disturbing others nor disturbed by others.

2) Retracing: -able to repeat until succeeds.Intensive drill practice is possible. Able to stop the tape , hear again and practice by imitation. Scope for self evaluation. Repeat ion is known as ‘ retracing’.

3)Library Operations:  Scope to select any tape from control place. Self pacing and self correction by retracing.Permits maximum individualizing. -Concentrates on listening and speaking. -aims at correct pronunciation, intonation  and accent,   ability to use words and idioms in English. , and  ability to communicate effectively. -Same material used by a group of learners at a time.-individualistic.-oral and auditory experiences provided -well designed and carefully produced drill patterns are provided.Relieves teacher of endless repetition

 Equipment and Process of a Language Laboratory: Lang lab has three sections:-1)Hearing booths, 2)Console(advisor’s booth) 3) Control room.

a)Hearing Booth :Hearing Booth has 8,16, or 20 learning booths. It has chair, table and a working place with earphone, microphone , tape recorder (and tapes) with duel track system. Each student is provided with  self-learning manuscripts. There is scope for listening the tape, recording, speaking to teacher, drilling and practicing as well as  getting corrected by the teacher.

b) The Console (The advisor’s booth) :The advisor’s booth  consists of master tapes with special equipment  to monitor students for two way communication.

The console consists of following switches:1)Distribution switches(to direct mastertapes to booths) 2)monitoring switches(to listen and correct the procedural and linguistic errors , to evaluate and grade the pupil ,while working with the tapes.)3)Intercom  switches,(for two way conversation with individual student). 4)group call switch:(to make announcement to  all / group students in the booth listening a tape).5) All-call switch: to make announcement to all in the lab regardless of the programme.

c)Control Room : It I the storeroom with  all the tapes ,records and other equipments and books, properly indexed and stored.  Resource materials are  readily made available to pupil upon his request.

5) Procedure: 1. Plays the master tape. Records on the separate recorders in each booth. 2. listens to the copy , Makes oral responses. Records the oral responses. Practices the drills and retraces and repeats. Repeats until the learner succeeds.

3. listens-corrects procedural errors -corrects linguistic  errors-evaluates -grades the students.

Kinds of Language Laboratory

1.Conventional Laboratory: This is the primitive form of the language laboratory which  is no longer common.

2.Lingua Phone Laboratory: This is again a conventional with a little modernization.  electronic lingua phone laboratory also  available today

3.Computer Assisted Language Laboratory (CALL): Also known as digital language lab, multimedia language lab, language media center and multimedia learning center.

Functionality of digital language lab: A server computer or a separate storage device is often used to store lesson materials in a digital format. It's still a teacher-controlled system connected to a number of student booths, containing a student's control mechanism and a headset with a microphone. Teacher and student positions are connected via LAN (local area network), in some cases also via separate audio cabling Teachers can intervene and control the learners’ computers via the teacher’s console, track of learners’ work, etc.

Self-access for independent learning which includes access to resources outside class. The content that is now used in the new language labs is much richer and self authored or free:  Text, images, audio and video ,flash based games, internet etc.

4.Web Assisted Language Laboratories (WALL): functions  with computers with a connection to the Internet. Students can now access and work from these new 'cloud' labs from their own devices at any time and anywhere. Students can interrogate and record audio and video files and be marked and assessed by their teachers remotely.

The Need for a Language Laboratory : As a technological learning aid for learning with advanced facilities that can help a student to learn a language with proficiency to communicate. 

It is required of any learner to have a good command of the language for communication purposes, with clarity and accuracy being vital for effective and efficient communication.  What helps one to acquire such proficiency in a language is the process and the method of learning that language.

The curriculum of the present educational system in India does not have a laboratory session for arts subjects. 

whereas it is very common in Western countries to train children in the laboratory to enrich their language learning experiences.

Scientific advancements have produced a number of innovative products to assist the learning process.  Innovative products such as digital multimedia control, wireless headsets and microphones, the interactive response pad, etc. are very useful for students learning languages for communication.  These interactive tools are designed to enhance not only language teaching but also class room grading and distance learning.

The language laboratory is very useful for assessing students' speech.  It provides students with the technical tools to get the best samples of pronunciation of the language. The electronic devices used in the laboratory will stimulate the eyes and ears of the learner to acquire the language quickly and easily.  The laboratory’s collection is designed to assist learners in the acquisition and maintenance of aural comprehension, oral and written proficiency, and cultural awareness.  The language laboratory offers broadcasting, television programmes, web-assisted materials and videotaped off-air recordings in the target language.  In short, a learner can get the experience of having interaction with native speakers through the laboratory.  Hence, the language laboratory has become the need of the hour in any language learning process for communication.

Merits:-motivates  to learn a foreign language.-listens to the music in the language.-exposure  to the words and sentences in the language.-distinguishes the differences in pronunciation.-listens to the speech with  correct pronunciation

-error detection , practice, and self correction -self pacing -repeats the material as many times  as possible (retracing). -less disturbed  and less inhibited. -gets more time for practicing speaking skills. -listens to the native speech. -correction with out disturbing others. -saved from the monotonous repeat ion. -active learner participation.

Demerits: -Limited use   to develop  reading and writing skills. -only 8-20 students at a time. -lack of availability of the service of the competent native speakers.-lessons needs occasional revision to overcome learning difficulties.-the equipment is costly.

4.3. ENGLISH CLUB AND ITS ACTIVITIES

ENGLISH CLUB : An English Club is a place for language learners to use English in a casual setting.  Practicing your skills in the classroom is important, but it is not like real life.

Venue for  English Club: At an English School. In members' homes. At a cafe or restaurant. Outdoors.

What can we do in  English Club:  Establish a warm-up routine,Themes or Skills ,Conversation club,Reading Club ,Have backup ideas on hand, keep a list of discussion questions,Use a suggestion box, Go on excursions as a group

English Club Activities:A variety of activities will be held by our English Club throughout the year to provide our students with a language-rich environment and to use English purposefully outside class

English Club Activities:Dictionary Competition ,The Inter-house English Musical Contest ,Teacher Interview, Advertising Competition

4.4.E-RESOURCES FOR LEARNING ENGLISH

IT ENABLED ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASS

      Computer is a powerful tool in all aspects of education : 1)teaching, 2)learning, 3)planning,4)evaluation, 5)curriculum construction,6) tool design,7) class management, 8)administration   9)mentoring, 10)support 11) consultation 12)inclusion,13) research, 14)collaboration,  and15) career growth.  

1. Learning

IT applications and strategies  enable and enhance learning in self and others through

the use of the Internet to locate and select relevant learning resources.       

 e-Learning provides more freedom from time bound , place-bound, and tutor    bound study to self pacing , more learner responsible and learner    centered    study.  It can be used for a  distance learning programme with learners based across a whole country.

The computer provides the learner : 1. ways to organize and store notes , references and materials.(folders, files, databases and e-portfolios) 2.tools to present your work (word processing, presentation graphics charts and graphs).

3. tools to analyse the data(spreadsheet) 4.tools for content creation(blogs and wikis, DTP,e-books.) 5.equipement to capture evidence.(digital cameras, scanners ) 6.Access to enormous library of information(www, online libraries) 7.useful in traditional , blended or e-learning courses.  8.Scope to undertake traditional and e-learning modules at the same time. 9.Interaction : The e-learning equivalent of dialogue is called ‘interactivity’. It is achieved through e-mail, chat, wiki, and other forms of communication. 10.Interface:Interaction as a dialogue between the learner and the learning system through what appears on the screen and the output devices.

e-learning system -----interface -------learner.

Two-way dialogue. -The learner should explore the interface. An introduction to the system or a guided tour of the facilities are offered to the learner. Or support  may be  there in the help system , introduction or on the homepage. It is like physically walking around the campus to discover , where everything is located.

2.Teaching

Computer is a powerful tool in all aspects of education : 1)teaching, 2)learning, 3)planning,4)evaluation, 5)curriculum construction,6) tool design,7) class management, 8)adminsration   9)mentoring, 10)support 11) consultation 12)inclusion,13) research, 14)collaboration,  and15) career growth.  

IT enabled classes are highly effective and interesting. An English teacher can bring authentic discourses, natives speaker’s language, and   English realia . Teachers are using the computers for preparing their lessons, to prepare progress sheets and to conduct online tests.

Computer helps the teacher: 1.To design, plan and implement teaching in  online and/or within blended learning contexts. 2.To extent Supports in learning, teaching and assessment,   3 In designing, producing and managing resources for teaching  4. To cater to individual differences  5.To organise and manage learning activities  6.To design and evaluate a set of resources for elearning/blended learning7.To provide  feedback and assessment 8 Access online resources within professional working context 9.In networking and working collaboratively with colleagues and other course participants to achieve common objectives. 10.To conduct research in  own subject discipline or in the area of staff/professional development. 11.To access on current research, academic publications and any appropriate primary sources 12.To prepare  e-portfolios – to improved self awareness and self appraisal of their own learning processes through reflection and evaluation of the outcomes of the learning process. 13.To design and evaluate a set of resources for elearning/blended learning 14.To undertaking research in education that assesses and addresses challenges within specified professional contexts. 15.To access available current research, academic publications and appropriate primary sources. 16.To prepare research report,  for academic and professional audiences. 13.Organise and articulate ideas online through asynchronous / synchronous text based and/or audio messages so as to communicate ideas and concepts to an online learner group.

Teaching Online.  The eTutoring is   based on constructivist principles and social learning theory.  The virtual class is supported wholly online, Time online will be spent exploring resources, submitting work and discussing the issues raised in the various modules.  The majority of this interaction will be asynchronous text-based.  A teacher should identify and evaluate the appropriateness of a range of Information and Communication Technologies to communicate with learners and enhance their learning with reference to both aims and context.

3. Learning Resources

To prepare educational  aids and tools  like Cartoons, Animations, video and audio lessons one has to depend on computers. A well equipped Computer lab is essential for any institution where computer forms one of the subject of their learning.

eResources include: -Online interaction  materials.  -Stand alone , interactive materials,(CD)-e books, e-portfolios ,online dictionary  -content you create –wikis ,presentations, blogs, notes.-available on webpages

eResources  for  Blended Learning : eResources can be very effective in  face to face classroom teaching.  Teachers who prepared their own lessons on computers or the company prepared lessons on VCD'S or DVD's can be projected on to a overhead screen from the computer to view the entire class.

Power point presentations: A teacher can prepare Power point presentation on any topic in the form of slides incorporating with graphics and sounds. The teacher can explain the topic by showing slide by slide projected on the overhead screen. 

Blended learning is preferred for pedagogy ,where as  virtual class are convenient for androgogy.

Multimedia  : Since it is a multi-sensory approach it makes learning interesting. Any information can be made available in any desired form (audio, video, text etc). Use of multimedia enhances learner participation and up to date knowledge, because of the use of computers.Multimedia packages contain a large variety of self learning and self testing materials. Multimedia is used for training, teacher orientation and marketing.Multimedia education allows one to proceed at one’s own pace.It brings presentations alive with sounds, movies and interactivity.

Blogs, wikis, and social networking : A new generation of online applications has been evolving over the last 10years. Education has begun to exploit them to integrate more creative approaches in to online and e-learning programmes. They are often called web2.0 or social networking and include blogs, wikis, podcasting  and e-portfolios’.

4.eLearning and Online Support

Use of e-learning to free learners  from the rigid timetable of attendance at a collage. Delivery of learning at a distance from a the tutor .

 A degree of freedom can be added to traditional programmes like 1.adding online discussion groups to a lecture programme. 2. Using text messaging to keep students informed of  administrative changes. 3. Delivering aprogramme based on interactive multimedia learning materials in the college learning centre.

Learners uses socil network technologies to create and store content   and to network with other learners and tutors.

 The  following  are the powerful tools rapidly introduced to all forms of education and training:

1. Blogs- enables  to produce online  reflective learning diaries. It can be shred with peers and tutors. Others can comment on the entries . Thus becomes a tool for interaction , feedback and reflection. Thus far more useful than a paper learning diary.

2. Wikis: Special purpose website . They assist  collaborative learning by allowing group of learners to work  on creating a joint document.

3.e-portfoilio: takes many forms . can assess learner’s progress , showcase their achievements, ,help them  reflect, and share their work with others.

4. Podcasting and vodcasting:- Provides learning resources such as video or audio resources   to provide a focus for interaction , reflection and collaboration.

5. Considerable development of mobile equipment such as ‘smart phone’ and personal digital assistance (PDAs) are used in colleges . And given the name ‘m-learning(mobile learning).

5 .Collaborative and Individual learning

‘Computer mediated communication(CMC)  allows  the practioners   to  collaborate with their peers through communication technology.

6.Digital Library Service

These digital library include full-text electronic journals, newspapers in full-text, online reference works, electronic books, other library catalogues and much else. Library offers training, via a range of methods including online tutorials.

Limitations of  Educational Technology: Lack of interaction with the live instructor.Inability of the students to read and write their language. File size and transfer speed are other common limiting factors. Teachers forget that IP ownership exists and put them in an unsafe legal position (copyright).  Practical, legal and ethical practical issues associated with the use of existing and digital media emerging technologies., including network infrastructure requirements, selecting software and troubleshooting within their professional working context. Takes time for its creation and updating.

E-LEARNING TOOLS OF IN TEACHING ENGLISH

Present Trends in Teaching English: The 21st century confronts its citizenship with new choices, opportunities and challenges due to the all-pervading technology into all spheres of life. In this era, the educational institutions cannot remain mere venues for the transmission of a prescribed set of information from teacher to student over a fixed period of time rather the educational institutions must promote “learning to learn” i.e. the acquisition of knowledge and skills that make possible continuous learning over the lifetime. So it becomes the responsibility of the teachers to shape up accordingly to meet the demands of the day. The need of the day is to equip people with proficiency in the English language and this is possible only with a proper blend of edification and e-learning tools (modern technologies). Traditional teaching and learning paradigms have been shaken by the impact of the integration of e-learning tools into educational practices. E-learning is a diverse range of technological tools and systems that can be utilized by capable and creative teachers to enhance teaching and learning situations. These are used to make learning more interesting, motivating, stimulating and meaningful to the students. These tools have been touted as potentially powerful enabling tools for educational change and reform as they are making marked inroads into the combination of digital technologies and English language learning.

Use of e-learning tools of in Teaching English

Internet:  Internet is not merely a source of authentic material in English but also a source of information in the form of articles, courses, conferences and many more. The teacher can send assignments to the students through e-mails and can also take online exams. Parents can view their children's work online at any time. Students do not miss their lessons as now they can see a web cam version online and get worksheets and notes from electronic online whiteboards. Schools are linked in a network and work on projects together and prepare materials online. Every school has got its own website. Many software are also available on Internet that students can use free of cost. Spelling Bee is one of those an internet resources, which helps the students to spell English words. The teacher can also choose the level of difficulty that s/he wants to train to his/her students.

Using YouTube: YouTube videos can be used in an ELT classroom for various aspects of English as to enhance vocabulary, accents, pronunciations, voice modulation and many more. The real advantage of using YouTube in teaching English is that it offers authentic examples of everyday English used by everyday people. The teacher can use it as a tool for improving their Listening and Speaking, Reading and Writing skills. The teacher can select a part of the movie appropriate to the level of the students and s/he can show those movie clippings to the students. For the first time, s/he can mute the volume and ask the students to watch the movie attentively. Later s/he can ask the students to watch the movie once again and this time s/he can ask the students to frame the dialogues of the movie clippings simultaneously. This will improve their speaking skills. Another activity to enhance their speaking skills can be: the teacher can show a selected part of the movie to the students and further ask them to narrate the rest of the story of the movie or the climax of the movie. This will add to their creativity as well as their speech. The teacher can also prepare worksheets on the movie clippings in advance and ask the students to complete those worksheets while watching movies. This can prove a good activity to enhance their listening and writing skills. The teacher can also ask the students to write a paragraph related to the movie as: “If I were the hero of the movie…………….” Or “What, according to you, should be the title of the movie?” Listening skills can also be enhanced through YouTube as news headlines are available to watch on YouTube. As the news is summarized very quickly (in the first minute for the video below), the teacher can ask students to listen to the news headlines and put those headlines in order (where they will have the headlines on a handout).

Skype: Using Skype provides unlimited possibilities for the teachers and students to collaborate with each other anywhere in the world. It provides immense opportunities for the students in a foreign language class to connect with classes in other countries to practice their language skills. Through Skype the teachers can provide mentoring or homework help to the learners. The Students can read, present, or perform for other students and also collaborate with other students on writing or research projects. They can also participate in professional development activities within or outside the school district.

Twitter: Twitter, a gift of Technology, is a social networking application that could help in improving students’ English to a greater extent. As an online education technology tool, twitter’s impact on engaging students in learning concepts is unlimited. The teacher can use a dozen activities for using an online education technology tool to engage students in classroom activities to develop a better understanding of concepts. The teacher can select any genre for the story and begin the activity with a story opener which is tweeted to the students for contribution to the story line. Once all twitter network participants have contributed to the development of the story line, the teacher can analyze their work. This involves editing, story structure, creative writing, and proper use of grammar. The teacher can ask the students to select a word of the week and tweet it around the network requesting synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms of the word. Once all responses are received, the teacher can check them for accuracy and develop a link of the difficult words for strengthening the vocabulary of the students. The teacher can also conduct Online Debates through Twitter. It can be done with the students of the same classroom or the students of the different classrooms on the class twitter network. Examples include “Pen is mightier than sword”, impact of fast food restaurants on health issue, and many more.

Smart-boards: Interactive whiteboards are good replacements for traditional whiteboards or flipcharts as they provide ways to show students everything which can be presented on a computer's desktop (educational software, web sites, and others). SMART boards help teachers use a student-centered approach to teach language arts. Language arts teachers can use SMART Boards to improve reading and comprehension, and teach grammar and writing. With a SMART Board, teachers can combine video, audio, Web browsing and word processing to teach students interactively. The teacher can use smart board to enhance students’ language skills in play way method. For e.g. ‘Pictogram' (Draw a picture and guess the word) can be played. With younger learners spelling races are very popular. Word games are an excellent way of settling classes and revising vocabulary. S/he can use anagrams or jumbled sentences for the Learners or s/he can also ask the synonyms or antonyms or the lexis or collocation words. The teacher can use different colours when writing. For eg. While teaching grammar the teacher can use the Blue colour pen for the nouns, the Yellow colour for the verbs, theRed colour for the adjectives and the Green colour adverbs. For e.g.: The young (Red Colour) boy (BLUE) jumped (Yellow Colour) from the tall (Red Colour) tree (Blue Colour) quickly (Green Colour). The teacher can also display paragraphs with errors and ask the students to edit the paragraphs or proofread them. To teach writing skills the teacher can also use a story starter and ask the students to write a class story or chain story or peer story. S/he can also write sentences based on photographs as it will teach them the usage and functions of the language. S/he can further use photographs of persons (i.e. characters from book, persons from history) and can ask the students to write in “bubble” about their thoughts.

Mobile Phones: The use of mobile phones as a learning tool has a wide variety of applications. The teacher can ask the students to make a photo documentary using the camera function on their mobile phones. The teacher can assign a theme for the documentary to the students. After taking a sufficient number of photos, the students can upload the documentaries prepared by them to websites such as Flicker and type narrative descriptions for each picture to share with their teachers, classmates, family and friends. Instead of taking out a dictionary, the students can simply use their translator, and instead of trawling through books for a piece of literature, they can find the book online books and be directed to a specific word.

Podcasting: Today the students are listening to news clips, music, and video clips via the Web. They are no longer watching movies at the theatre or on the TV, they are watching via computers and hand held DVD players. The teacher can reach to these students in one new way i.e. through podcasts. A podcast is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. Utilizing podcasts in the classroom is very easy. The teacher can download many free ESL podcasts on the Internet to use in class. S/he can assign a podcast assignment for homework and form a discussion on the topic the next day. The teacher can also assign a music podcast that introduces students to the culture as well as how the language is often used creatively or the news channels through which the student can also learn the use of intonation and stress.

Blog: Blogging has become increasingly popular, especially in the realm of education as they are a great way to share information and generate discussion. Instead of text books and traditional methods, many educators prefer using these new techniques to help teach students and gain experience with various forms of social media. Setting up a course blog doesn't have to be complicated. Educators can use a free platform such as Blogspot, Wordpress, or Tumblr to host the blog. Nowadays, blogs can also display photos and some people are using them with audio and even video, The teacher should encourage the students to visit blog frequently. S/he should respond to student posts quickly, writing a short comment related to the content S/he should also ask questions about what the learner writes to create stimulus for writing. Writing to the blog could be required, and it may form part of the class assessment. Students should be encouraged to post their writing homework on the blog instead of only giving it to the teacher.

Conclusion: As English has turned into a universal language, its presence and value in the world has expanded enormously in the past decades. But if language teachers teach as they taught earlier, then the required goals of learning English Language may not be achieved in the present global scenario. In the past, no productive, creative and constructive activity was given to the learners to develop the four language skills. With the changing needs of the hour (time), technology is developing day-by-day. We are living in the 21st century and it is the age of technological advancement. Thus the recent trend in teaching English is the use of modern technological tools as English language teaching has been affected a lot with the availability of these tools

4.5 COMMUNITY  RESOURCES :SIGNIFICANCE , TYPES AND ROLE OF TEACHER IN UTILIZING THEM

Community resources is to enhance learning and academic success by providing activities and programs for students and their families using volunteers from the community to share their skills, knowledge, expertise and enthusiasm. The basic concepts are  learning in the community and community learning and Learning in everyday life and formal instructional settings.

The organization's goals are to utilize the talents of community members to increase students' knowledge; to strengthen the partnership between school, families and businesses; and to provide opportunities for students to learn outside the school environment. Our objective is to help students reach their individual potential for academic success.

Community resources are social services, whether public or private. Institutions such as public schools, parks, libraries and city halls are all community resources. Private institutions such as coffee houses can also be resources for a community. Sources are funding for community resources can be as varied as the resources themselves.

Types of Community Resources

Anything that serves a community in any way is a community resource. Public libraries, public schools, public parks or a city hall are all community resources, as are museums of local history, planetariums or zoos. Resources can be either public or private; zoos and museums, for example, are sometimes privately owned and run. Another private for-profit institution such as a coffee house can also be a community resource. These resources, public or private, can serve a multitude of purposes.

Funding & Budget :Public community resources are financed mostly with public funds. Institutions such as public schools, libraries and parks receive funding from the local government via residents' taxes. Parks and libraries are often the first items on the local budget to be cut when things get tight. A private community resource such as a coffee house, however, is funded entirely by its patrons. Often, both public and private institutions augment their funding through donations or pledge drives.

 Community Health Services is a typical example.  Community health services are a mixed bag. Occasionally, a health service will be publicly funded; a free clinic is an example of a publicly funded community health service. A rape crises center or a suicide hotline may also receive public funding, or it may live off of donations. Hospitals in the United States are almost always privately owned and run. However, such institutions provide a kind of resource that apart from meeting space or venues or educational space. Health services such as these provide for the physical life of the community. Other resources are museums, folklores, artists and arts forms and festivals and cultural centres.  An efficient teacher   can incorporate these resources in the curriculum transactions . The real life natural  and informal spontaneous learning  is more interesting and interactive.  Students learn by doing and acquire first hand learning experiences.  Students develop four fold language skills and communicative competencies through  informal interactions with the community resources. Limitations  are  1. Lack of Resources 2.Space 3. Accessibility  and 4. Community Needs.

QUESTIONS

1.Write a short note on language lab

2.How will you organize a class library?

3.What is the relevance of English club?

4.What are the technological hardware and software  used in instruction and their classification and application in English Education?

5.How will you utilize community resources in ELT ?

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